1 gen 1865 anni - Chicago's Union Stock Yards open

Descrizione:

-middlemen shipped cows by raid from Great Plains to Chicago then to eastern cities with local butchertowns
-Gustavus Swift made assembly line to increase productivity/cut labor costs.
-Swift also made vertical integration (A business model, pioneered by late nineteenth-century entrepreneurs such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie, in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products.) (made refrigerator cars in rails to see meat at lower prices and run butchers out of business, in those places he made branch houses and fleets of delivery wagons, he had factories use by-products of the cows for fertilizer and chemicals then had marketing strategies)
-By 1900, five vertically integrated firms produced most of the meat shipped in the country.
-Swift started predatory pricing (A tactic developed by large corporations in the late nineteenth century, in which a corporation drops prices below cost, in a limited area, to drive small competitors out of business and take control of a local market.)

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