1 magg 1866 anni - Hate crimes against African Americans in Memphis

Descrizione:

Day before: Black soldiers in Memphis turned in weapons after leaving the Union army, white ppl resented the soldiers

-street celebration.
African Americans" "Hurrah for Abe Lincoln"
White policeman "Abe Lincoln is dead and damned"
-scuffle
-3 days of white violence+rape
-48 African Americans dead, dozens mreo wounded
-african americans' homes+churches burned, all their schools destroyed in the city

related events: 24 black political leaders+allies in Arkansas were murdered, homes burned
Result:
-appalled Unionists.
-republicans in Congress proposed a new measure to protect African Americans w/ citizenship rights (14th amendment aka most significant law from Reconstruction), new Democratic pres ANdrew Johnson refused to sign the bill and implemented his own reconstruction plan (similar to lincoln's ten percent plan). this angers the unionist voters. republicans implement Radical Reconstruction (15the amendment: voting rights for African American men)

"Black southerners, though, had additional, urgent needs. “We have toiled nearly all our lives as slaves [and] have made these lands what they are,” a group of South Carolina petitioners declared. They pleaded for “some provision by which we as Freedmen can obtain a Homestead.” Though northern Republicans and freedpeople agreed that black southerners must have physical safety and the right to vote, formerly enslaved men and women also wanted economic independence. Northerners sought, instead, to revive cash-crop plantations with wage labor. Reconstruction’s eventual failure stemmed from the conflicting goals of lawmakers, freedpeople, and relentlessly hostile ex-Confederates."
Problem:
-exconfederates were ignoring the laws, murdering freedmen, resisting federal authority

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