7 ore 16 min, 3 nov 1648 anni - Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Descrizione:

This treaty marked the end of the Thirty Years War, but it also cemented the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, by destroying any imperial control over the provinces by making each one sovereign, as well as formalizing territorial losses to the Dutch, Swiss, and French. Furthermore, this treaty was a complete victory for Protestantism, as it firmly established states’ rights to choose their religion, it recognized Calvinism, and it ended the efforts of the Counter-Reformation. The treaty itself is more important than all its predecessors that came during the Thirty Years War, such as the Peace of Prague in 1635, because this treaty was internationally witnessed between the many parties at war and effectively ended all combat (except between France and Spain who continued to war into the next decade). (Palmer 140)

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