1 gen 1637 anni - windfall

Descrizione:

Used of trees or branches brought down by the wind, a valuable commodity. The OED has evidence from 1464 but it is surely a much older term. In 1274 John de Miggeley was arrested in possession of ‘four cart loads of boards’ in Sowerby forest: they were from ‘a dead tree blown down by the wind’, but the charge was dropped when it became clear that ‘he had them … of the gift of Thomas le Ragged’, the chief forester (YRS29/95). In 1300 Roger de Mowbray granted the forestership of Hovingham with the rights of windfall to Ralph Kirketon: <i>suam forestarium … cum arboribus vento prostratis et ramis et tanno omnium arborum</i> (NRR2/232). More explicitly the rights granted to George Buschell in Fyling included uprooted trees: 1518 <i>omnia et singula lingna vento prostrata ad terram ac eradicata</i> (MC362). Windfall had a clear market value: 1307-8 <i>De ramillis quercuum, alnetis et de alio bosco prostrato per ventum apud Wygdon’ et venditis</i> (YRS154/228). Later references in English include: 1502 <i>divers Fosters </i>[foresters] <i>use to carie on hors bak to Scarburgh suche wyndefallen wodde</i>, Pickering (NRR1/199); 1549 ‘And to have, in the name of fuel … the wood fallen with wind called <i>wind-falls</i>’, Scagglethorpe (YRS50/164); 1622 <i>every woodward maie take Blowen wood or Falne wood within his walkes</i>, Pickering (NRR2/5). Fallen trees were listed in the inventory of William Middleton’s assets: 1614 <i>birkes fallen in the woode xxs</i>, Stockeld (YAJ34/179). In Harrison’s survey of the manor of Sheffield is the following entry: 1637 <i>For Windfall Wood & diging up of Old Roots for Charcoales £103 08s 00d</i> (HSMS37). See blown wood, deer fall, fallen, hollin fall.

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