Onuku Timeline
mise à jour avec succès 24 mars 2020
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Created byMatthew Rout
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Les événements
Akaroa Harbour population: 1000HMS Herald arrives in AkaroaIwikau and Hone Tīkao sign Te TiritiSixteen Ngāi Tahu chiefs including Tikao sign Kemp’s DeedParakakariki falls to Ngai TahuTe Rauparaha attacks Onawe PaOnuku and Wainui requested as ReservesOnuku Reserve surveyedOnuku Church opensOnuku population: 40Onuku population: 50Onuku population: 6Onuku School opens34 pupils at Onuku SchoolOnawe Pa builtRequest to make Taraouta/Barry's Bay a ReserveOpukutahi Reserve set asideTikao opposes Mantell's ReservesOnuke Reserve set asideTwo boats catch 350 barracouta in one dayKemp arrives in Akaroa500 Ngai Tahu in Akaroa with KempTikao critical of Kemp's offerLanglois attempts to buy Banks PeninsulaFirst deed with Nanto-Bordelaise Company signedFrench colonists arrive in AkaroaSealers and whalers begin arriving in AkaroaOnuku becomes main settlement in harbourOnuku population: 200Flax traders start visiting harbourFirst whaling station in harbourBritish flag raised in AkaroaAkaroa population: 60 French, 20 Germans, 40 British and 97 MaoriMill established in AkaroaFrench plant wheatFirst European farm established at TakapunekeFrench naval presence endsNanto-Bordelaise Company sells land to the New Zealand CompanyAkaroa and surrounds totally deforestedMill in OnukuDairy becomes increasingly dominant industry in harbourFirst court and jail in AkaroaAkaroa becomes a boroughFirst public jetty builtHilltop road opens, linking Akaroa with ChchChch to Little River railway opens1.5 and 2 million super feet timber shipped per annumGreat fire devastates forestsCocksford seed dominant industryAkaroa well known as a tourist destinationChinese market gardeners arriveOnuku population: 20Tourism declared the 'economic lifeblood' of Akaroa - though wider harbour still driven by primary productionCocksfoot industry in declineFirst crayfish canning factoryFirst cheese factory in harbourFirst butter factoryAkaroa Tweed Factory opensFirst motor service to AkaroaHoliday home permits outstrips permanent residencesRoad from Chch to Akaroa fully sealedFishing still a dominant industrySome commercial fishing remainsNo commercial fishing in harbourNo active industries remain in AkaroaCommercial fishing beginsFish canning factory built at OnukuWiremu Harihona Karewheko invites local Pakeha to celebrate birth of his son - becomes annual traditionLocal Maori have sizeable numbers of stockOnuku suffers potato crop failureOnuku population: 20Wiremu Harihona posts message in newspaper warning anyone hunting on reserve will be prosecutedMeeting regarding a new road through Onuku ReserveOnuku Kainga steam sawmill for leaseWairewa Bush burns, Onuku loses totara assetLocal Maori wins damages for loss of tree assetRobinson complains about living conditions at WairewaWilliam Nihil requests Onuku Road diverted along beach to the Red HouseAgreement between authorites and Onuku regarding Onuku Road placementOnuku complains new road too close to their orchardsAkaroa purchase completedTamaiharanui takes up residence in Akaroa to trade flaxNgai Tahu Settlement ActFinal French attempt to secure landNanto-Bordelaise rights conveyed to New Zealand CompanyShipley apologises at OnukuKaraweko Marae opensPohatu Marine Reserve createdAkaroa Taiapure createdOtago settlers increase trade opportunitiesGovernor Grey arrives in AkaroaBrig Teresa departs for Akaroa with fish and flourFrench settlers in 'destitute state"Anne arrives in Akaroa with flour for French; two ships shipping whale oil sink near AkaroaAnne leaves for Akaroa with suppliesRoyal Williams departs for AkaroaRoyal William arrives back from AkaroaMagnet arrives back from AkaroaBright Planet departs for AkaroaRoyal Williams departs for AkaroaEleanor departs for AkaroaVanguard departs for AkaroaTuhawaiki receives cutter Mary Ann from HemplemanEleanor departs for AkaroaMana leaves AkaroaShepardess departs for AkaroaMana departs for AkaroaAkaroa becomes an official 'Port of Entry'Richmond departs for Akaroa - 3 Maori on boardScotia departs for AkaroaShepardess departs for AkaroaMana departs for AkaroaMana and Scotia leave AkaroaRoyal Willams departs for AkaroaShepardess leaves AkaroaTe Maiharanui sets up flax trading village at TakapunekeBritish sovereignty over the South Island proclaimed at Cloudy Bay.Rural Section 547 (which includes Takapūneke) is granted by the Crown to Joseph Palmer and Henry Le Cren sold to two Lyttelton businessmen‘Picnic’ at Ōnawe raises, for the first time publicly in Akaroa, issues of appropriate behaviour on Māori cultural sitesAkaroa sewage treatment works built on TakepunekeBPDC commissions archaeological reports of TakepunekeProtests over proposed dump at TakepunekeOnuku and Council sign agreement over TakepunekeCouncil apologises over use of TakepunekeCouncil approves the classification of Takapuneke Reserve as a local purpose (Historical) ReserveThe Christchurch City Council passes a resolution confirming the creation of a single large reserve at TakepunekeThe economy of Akaroa Māori based on fishing, catching of sea birds and shellfish gatheringFlax trade developsAriki heir Tūtehounuku leaves on whaling shipThiercelin describes Onuku as having 30 huts - 2 Englishmen living in kaingaThiercin returns 20 years later, describing Onuku as much smaller -Maori working for settlersNot all local Maori able to live at Onuku due to zoning regulationsTakepuneke tapu remains in place though not everyone knows whyBPDC plans subdivision on TakepunekeMeasles kill many local MaoriSmith Nairn Royal Commission finds Crown did not pay Ngai Tahu appropriatelyFive Australian whalers off AkaroaBee departs for AkaroaOtago taua arrives, local Maori seek protection amongst settlers (?)Bee leaves AkaroaHenry leaves AkaroaCaspar leaves AkaroaNgai Tahu chiefs who fought with Moki claim lands across Banks PeninsulaKai Huanga feud beginsKai Huanga feud endsTe Rauparaha arrives on ElizabethTe Maiharanui travels to Kaikoura to get wakaFirst muskets used in Te Wai Pounamu30,000 acres of land supposedly sold to French demanded back by local MaoriLord Stanley accepts French claim of 30,000 acresWaitangi Tribunal finds that the 30,000 acres conferred by Lord Stanley was a confiscationSettlers in Akaroa complain local Maori are charging them high rentsTraditional industries in decline in Akaroa, tourism dominantAkaroa County Council discusses how to keep town's heritageAkaroa Civic Trust created to protect heritageMarketing plan for Akaroa releasedAkaroa County Council merges with Banks Peninsula District CouncilAkaroa District Promotions formedAkaroa National Treasure Network formedMinistry of Agriculture report highlights gorse in Onuku ReserveWharekai opened in OnukuTwo hotels built in Akaroa in early 1840sFour hotels in Akaroa - Two at British end and two at French endAkaroa has three licensed hotels, three temperance hotels and a number of boarding housesFirst mechanical saw mill in AkaroaNo new tree cutting licences issued between 1856-1864 for fear of deforestation26 sawmills on peninsulaTens of thousands of sacks of cocksfoot produced every yearCocksfoot traded internationallyCocksfoot sector declinesCocksfoot crop first planted - local Maori involved in harvestBanks Peninsula declining economically and demographicallyAkaroa County permanent population: 1599Akaroa population: 573Akaroa population: 639Akaroa population: 640Akaroa population: 792Sheep and beef replace dairy farmsShip Espadon buys potatoes from OnukuShip Addison swaps a boat for two tonnes of potatoes with OnukuWhanau living at Onuku include Moeraki, Kaikoura, Hokianga, Keefe, Bunker and TainuiOnuku growing maize, wheat, melon, potatoes and pumpkinsAkaroa cheese well knownJimmy Robinson arrives in Akaroa, as part of his severance he takes a boatDairy cooperatives in habourMana departs for AkaroaHarlequin departs for AkaroaMatiaha Tiramorehu writes letter about Ngati Toa and landLocal Maori working in cocksfoot industryOnuku population: 72 or 43Onuku population: 40Maori exodus from area due to depressionThe largest example of a fish trap in New Zealand lies on the western side of the Onāwe Peninsula, in Akaroa Harbour.Maori working at whaling station at IkorakiGarwoods Mill in OnukuSouthern Right, Humpback and Sperm whale populations 'thinned out'Whaling industry ends in AkaroaAkaroa supplying large amounts of fruit to Chch and LytteltonAcross the peninsula, Maori were reduced to living on insufficient reservesNgai Tahu Maori Trust Board takes case to Waitangi TribunalTuhawaiki arrives in Onuku, declaring himself supreme chief of South IslandIwikau arrives to dispute Tuhawaiki's claimD'Urville notes depleted and demoralised Maori in Akaroa, few adult malesOnuku population: 25Onuku Native School roll: 27. However many are Pakeha as school is mixedOnuku Native School roll: 30400 acres at Onuku "nearly all bush land"Half of all jobs in tourism in Akaroa, $17.3 million direct spendingCruise ship visits increase 531% - from 16-6490 cruise ships visit over summerBPDC merges with CCCReport finds cruise ships pose a medium or "at worst, high" risk to its "very high" ecological valuesTaiapure establishedAkaroa Harbour made a marine reserve75 cruise ships visit over summerHector's dolphin estimated to earn economy $25 millionMilling in declineMore "artistic classes" move to Akaroa, set up artisan businessesMore "stressed professionals" move to AkaroaPériodes
DOMINANT ECONOMY: TRADITIONAL HUNTING, GATHERING, HORTICULTUREDOMINANT ECONOMY: DAIRYDOMINANT ECONOMY: WHALINGDOMINANT ECONOMY: MILLINGDOMINANT ECONOMY: COCKSFOOTDOMINANT ECONOMY: TOURISMDOMINANT ECONOMY: FISHINGDOMINANT ECONOMY" SHEEP AND BEEF
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