Crusades (1 ene 1095 año – 1 ene 1291 año)

Descripción:

The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The most commonly known Crusades are the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean aimed at recovering the Holy Land from Muslim rule, but the term "Crusades" is also applied to other church-sanctioned campaigns. These were fought for a variety of reasons including the suppression of paganism and heresy, the resolution of conflict among rival Roman Catholic groups, or for political and territorial advantage. The two-century attempt to recover the Holy Land ended in failure. Following the First Crusade there were six major Crusades and numerous less significant ones. After the last Catholic outposts fell in 1291 there were no more Crusades but the gains were longer lasting in Northern and Western Europe. The Crusades had a profound impact on Western civilization. They reopened the Mediterranean to commerce and travel (enabling Genoa and Venice to flourish), consolidated the collective identity of the Latin Church under papal leadership, and constituted a wellspring for accounts of heroism, chivalry, and piety that galvanized medieval romance, philosophy, and literature. The Crusades also reinforced the connection between Western Christendom, feudalism, and militarism.

Estimated Deaths: 1,700,000

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