Shabbetai Zevi (sabbatianism) (1 oct 1626 año – 1 sept 1676 año)

Descripción:

Scholars want to trace back where Reform come from. Philisopher Gershom Sholem suggests that Sabbatianism is the common ground for Haskala and the Reform movement.

Sabbatians played a role in preparing the ground for reform, although direct influence seems limited. Because sabatians speak about the messiah and mysticism to justify his authenticity. The reformers however did not see themselves more far from the idea that the Messiah will come one day. Messianism of Sabbatians was more an embarasment for the reform.

Gershom Sholem says that Sabbatianism divided the Jewish world for generations. Many discussions in the communities between Sabbatians and non-Sabatians. In Germany, a dispute between two rabbis:
Jacob Emden (1697-1776) and Jonathan Eybeschütz (1690-1764): excommunication and a big division of the communities. Traditional Judaism lost respect in the eyes of Jews as well as non-Jews.

Sabbatianism presented an example of religious antinomianism (= God is greater than all of this, rejection of laws). Law is subordinated to Messiah and to mystical interpretations - challenge of the law.
September 1666 Zevi converted to Islam - the movement ends publically. He says he is the Messiah. Critique and various series of excommunications among the followers etc. Some sub-sects founded.

later stage of the movement:

Jacob Frank (1726-1791)
frankism
Brought the antinomianism into centre. Reformers were against Frankism and wanted to base their reforms on halakha, but Jewish law was still challenged, so more vulnerable to the program of reform.

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