Al-Aqsa Intifada (aka. the Second Uprising) (28 sept 2000 año – 8 feb 2005 año)

Descripción:

It was more intense and deadlier than the First Intifada (Approx. 3,000 Palestinians were killed and Around 1,000 Israelis were killed).

Israeli politician Ariel Sharon (Israel's Prime Minister in 2001) made a provocative visit to the Al-Aqsa compound in East Jerusalem (Temple Mount); the visit itself was peaceful but sparked protests and riots that Israeli police put down with rubber bullets, live ammunition, and tear gas.

2002 Operation "Defensive" Shield: In response to escalating attacks, particularly a series of Palestinian suicide bombings, Israel launched a large-scale military operation in the West Bank in April 2002, targeting Palestinian militant infrastructure.

Siege of the Church of the Nativity: In April 2002, Palestinian militants took refuge in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem during the Israeli military operation. The standoff lasted for over a month.

Yasser Arafat, the Palestinian leader, was largely confined to his headquarters in Ramallah by Israeli forces until he died in 2004.

This war led to the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, which was viewed as a symbol of the Israeli occupation.

The violence gradually declined by 2005, partly due to the exhaustion of both sides and changes in leadership. Mahmoud Abbas, who succeeded Arafat as the Palestinian Authority president, sought to reduce violence and return to negotiations.

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