Babylon Fall (1 ene 539 año aC – 1 ene 539 año aC)

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According to Kaiser and Wegner in "A History of Israel," throughout the 500s BCE, while Nabonidus resided in the desert at Tayma, Cyrus was actively expanding his empire. Eventually, his focus turned to Babylon, a realm Nabonidus struggled to govern during his reign. The pivotal battle for the empire didn't occur within Babylon itself, but at Opis, along the Tigris River. The betrayal of Babylon's Elamite general, Gobryas, to Cyrus at Opis led to the decisive defeat of Belshazzar's forces, about 100 miles north of Babylon. With the nation vulnerable, the Persian army swiftly conquered Sippar before advancing to Babylon. Nabonidus returned from Tayma just as Babylon fell to Ugbaru's Persians, who ingeniously diverted the Euphrates to allow their troops entry into the city. Nabonidus fled but was captured. Cyrus appointed Gubaru, also known as Gobryas, as the provincial governor of Babylon, though it's uncertain if he was the same as Darius the Mede. Upon Cyrus's entry into the city, he was hailed as a hero, restoring the worship of Marduk and removing idols of the god Sin.

In 539 BCE, less than a century after its establishment, Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon, solidifying Persian control over the empire.

The conquest of Jerusalem by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE marked a crucial period for the development of the Book of Isaiah. Deutero-Isaiah addressed the exiled Israelites, offering hope for their return. Predicting Babylon's imminent fall and glorifying Cyrus as Israel's deliverer, Deutero-Isaiah's prophecies likely date to 550–539 BCE.
Originally built to straddle the Euphrates, Babylon used the river's waters to create a moat and canals within its walls. During its fall in 539 BCE, Cyrus redirected the Euphrates, allowing his troops to enter the city undetected, symbolizing the 'drying up' of the river.

The Book of Daniel, chapter 5, recounts the final night of Belshazzar before the Persian invasion. Belshazzar hosts a feast, intending to desecrate temple treasures from Jerusalem and praise Babylonian gods. When a mysterious handwriting appears on the palace wall, Daniel interprets it, leading to Belshazzar's demise and the rise of Darius the Mede as king.

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