Norman England (25 dic 1066 año – 9 sept 1087 año)

Descripción:

The Feudal System:
William owned all the land in England, which he granted to Tenants-in-chief in return for the provision of troops, taxes and justice in their land. They'd also give advice to the king and were often part of the Witan.
The tenants-in-chiefs granted some of their land to under-tenants such as knights who would provide them with military service, taxes and justice within their area.
The under-tenants had peasants work on their land for protection and would allow them to rent land for themselves.
This system meant that no one could become more powerful than the king.

Homage:
Landholders had to swear oaths of loyalty to William.

Labour Service:
The work that peasants did in return for using land, this could involve farming or providing produce.

Forfeiture:
This was the punishment for breaking an agreement or being disloyal, they could lose their land or have to pay a fine.

Changes to Anglo-Saxon:
-William built castles and cathedrals as a symbol of his power.
-The feudal system.
-Earldoms were smaller and earls' power reduced.
-Thegns were replaced with knights and had less power than thegns had originally.
-Many ceorls became normal peasants as William wanted more revenue from the land.
-Trade with Normandy increased and larger cities grew as a result.

Continuity to Anglo-Saxon:
-The roles of the royal household remained the same.
-Homage was paid to the king.
-Knights owed knight-service.
-Village life stayed the same.
-Towns kept original trading rights.

Norman Aristocracy:
-Built large churches and castles as a symbol of their power.
-Spent a lot of time on their appearances as this could only happen if you were rich.
-Introduced complicated ceremonies to do with hunting.
-Introduced the culture of chivalry and honour.
-Were extremely religious.
-Destroyed any Anglo-Saxon relics and tombs as they believed they were superior.
-Many spoke French and English began to be seen as a vernacular lanaguage.

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