Italian Wars (1 ene 1494 año – 1 ene 1559 año)

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The Italian Wars were a series of violent wars for control of Italy. They were mainly fought by France and Spain but involved other European powers. In the end, the Spanish Habsburgs dominated Italy. The war ended with

The wars began when French king Charles VIII invaded Italy in 1494. He took Naples but an alliance between Maximilian I and the pope drove him out. Louis XIII invaded Italy and took Milan, Genoa, and Naples in 1499 but was driven out by Spain under Ferdinand V in 1503. Pope Julius II organized the League of Cambrai to attack Venice, then organized the Holy League to drive Louis out of Milan. In 1515 Francis I was victorious at the Battle of Marignano, and in 1516 a peace was concluded by which France held onto Milan and Spain kept Naples. Fighting occurred between Charles V and Francis I in 1521. Francis was captured and forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid, by which he renounced all claims in Italy. Once freed, he repudiated the treaty and formed a new alliance with Henry VIII, Pope Clement VII, Venice, and Florence. Charles sacked Rome in 1527 and forced the pope to come to terms, and Francis gave up all claims to Italy in the Treaty of Cambrai in 1529. The wars ended with the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559.

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