Schism in Rome (Noetus; fornication; Adoptionism) (1 ene 199 año – 31 dic 217 año)

Descripción:

A schismatic era occurs within the Roman churches, during the bishoprics of Zephyrinus and Callistus. The nature of the event may be multi-faceted.

As described by Pseudo-Hippolytus, the subject pertains official sanction given to the modalistic “heresy” of Noetus, as well as differences in opinion in how to handle forgiveness for Christians who engage in illicit sexual activity; other scandalous sexual charges are also made. Hippolytus becomes known as the first “antipope” as he leads a sect in opposition to Callistus.

Callistus is the presumed author of a peremptory edict quoted by Tertullian: "I remit, to such as have discharged (the requirements of) repentance, the sins both of adultery and of fornication.", which prompted Tertullian to write extensively against the "Psychic" proto-orthodox sect which he had cut ties with in favor of the Montanists. This fits well with Pseudo-Hippolytus' (admittedly polemical) description of Callistus' stance on forgiveness for serious sexual sins.

Around the same time, Caius or Pseudo-Caius writes against an Adoptionist/non-Trinitarian named Artemon, who was active in Rome ca. 230 CE per Eusebius. The Adoptionists are claiming that until Zephyrinus, their teachings were sanctioned by the church(es) in Rome, an interesting mirror of Hippolytus’ claim that Zephyrinus lapsed into heresy instead (and may align with the pre-Pauline creed in Romans that attests a low Christology). By contrast, Caius/Pseudo-Caius claims that all Adoptionist ideas trace back to Theodotus (which contradicts Irenaeus and Pseudo-Hippolytus, who listed the Ebionites, Carpocrates, and Cerinthus and antecedent to Theodotus). Relates a story in which a second Theodotus and one Asclepiodotus (both disciples of the excommunicated first Theodotus), established a Natalius as bishop of the Adoptionist sect, but claims that Natalius later repented and returned to the proto-orthodox fold.

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