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Aristarchus (270 B.C.)Ptolemy (100 A.D.)Many astronomers built on the
work of Aristarchus, a Greek
astronomer. Aristarchus was
the first person to present the
first known model that placed
the Sun at the center of the
known universe with the Earth
revolving around it.Ptolemy made the most
prominent geocentric model
which showed that Earth was
the center of the universe.
Ptolemy's model had each
planet on a series of spheres.Maragha School (1200 A.D.)The Maragha School was
made in 1200 A.D. In 1543,
Copernicus paid homage
to the Maragha School.Nicolaus Copernicus (1543)Copernicus began making his
version of the heliocentric
model in the 16th century
building off of Aristarchus'
work and paying homage
to the Maragha School. He
also summarized his ideas in
a short treatise,
Commmentariolus.Johannes Kepler (1609)Kepler was a German
mathematician and
astronomer who helped
to refine the heliocentric
model with his introduction
of elliptical orbits. Kepler
showed why planets orbited
the sun at different speeds
at different times.Galileo Galilei (1613)Galileo's investigations of the
heavens using the telescope
allowed him the solve the
flaws in the heliocentric model.
His notable discoveries were the
phases of Venus, the moons of
Jupiter, and that perfect spheres
do not exist.Isaac Newton (1687)In 1687, Isaac Newton was
able the show mathematically
the motion of all the planets in
their orbits. Newton even found
out that gravity was the cause
to this phenomenon.Friedrich Bessel (1838)In 1838, Friedrich Bessel made
the first successful parallax
measurement for the star 61
Cygni.
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