28 jun 1919 año - Treaty of Versailles adopted

Descripción:

all German requests ignored 28 June 1919 —> treaty signed (they have no other option, as they have no navy and their territories were already occupied)

Terms:
- it is called by germans **“dikat”** meaning terms were forced on Germany rather than negotiated
- **War guilt clause:**
- Article 231 states that Germany is fully responsible for causing the War
- Germany wanted this issue to be investigated by a neutral international commission
- **Reparations:**
- by 1921 Reparations Commission decides that Germany will have to pay 136 billion marks (6.6 billion pounds) in reparations to France, Uk, Belgium
- reparations will undermine the German economy —> they will pay in 1921 but default on reparations
- **Territorial losses:**
- 13% of European territory, 10% of population, 15% of coal and 50% of iron lost
- all 11 colonies lost as well
- Alsace-Lorraine lost to France
- greater Poland (Posen) and West-Prussia lost to Poland (German territory is cut in two parts)
- Eupen and Malmedy lost to Belgium
- Plebiscite's organised in Upper Silesia and Schleswig (people asked to vote which country they want to belong to)
- upper Silesia split with Poland —> most coalfields on the Polish side
- Northern Schleswig to Denmark
- Danzig/Gdansk set up as a free city under control of the league of nations
- Saar Basin under international control for 15 years —> then Plebiscite's
- **Demilitarisation and disarmament**
- Rhineland set up as a demilitarised zone
- strict limits on German army —> purely defensive force (100,000 soldiers allowed)
- no conscription —> only professional soldiers are allowed (population isn’t trained militarily, makes it more difficult to rebuild their army)
- no airforce is allowed
- no tanks are allowed
- no submarines allowed (6 battleships, 6 cruisers are allowed34)
- Ban on union with Austria

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