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The abacus, worlds first mechanical calculating deviceJohn Napier (Scottish theologian, mathematician and weapons designer) invents Napier's BonesSlide rule invented, using Napier's ideas on logarithmsBlaise Pascal (French theologian and mathematician) invents a calculator he calls the Pascaline, first automatic calculating deviceGrillet de Roven (clockmaker to King Louis XIV of France) turns the Pascaline into a pocket-sized deviceLeibniz invents binary system of countingJacquard controls loom by punched cardsCharles Babbage, known as father of computing, designs Difference Engine for calculating -first digital computer -assisted by Ada LovelaceBabbage's Analytical Engine designed but never built, with similar ideas to the modern computer: sections for input, processing, and outputGeorge Boole (English mathematician) publishes his ideas on logicHollerith tabulator, first commercially successful computer, adds up the 1890 US censusInvention of vacuum tubeKonrad Zuse in Berlin builds first working digital computer in his kitchen, using relaysJohn Atanasoff in Iowa builds first electronic computerZuse Z3 built, first working programmed computerABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer), first modern computerTurning and Bletchley Park develop Colossus, first electronic special-purpose computerMark I, first electronic general-purpose computer, based on Babbage's idesENIAC, first general-purpose stored-program electronic computerInvention of transistorCSIRAC, first Australian electronic computer and only fifth in the worldUNIVAC, first commercial computer sold, correctly predicts outcome of US presidential election, but then reprogrammed to incorrectly predict a close resultIBM markets the 650, first mass-produced computerIBM develops Fortan (Formula Translator) programming language for mathematicsGrace Hopper invents COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) programming language for businessFirst integrated circuit builtBASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) becomes first widely used general programming languageIBM launches 360 series, first 'family' of mainframe computer modelsPDP-8, first mini-computer256-bit RAM chipKeyboards used for inputARPANET created, basis of the internetUNIX operating system developedNiklaus Wirth creates Pascal programming languageIntel 4004 created, first microprocessor (chip)Frames (windows) used for the first timeThe 8" floppy diskFirst pocket calculator, made by Texas InstrumentsRAM chips reach 4 KB, then 16 KB in the same yearHard drives sold by IBMIntel 8080, first commercial microprocessorBill Gates creates DOC system language for Altair PCLaser PrintersAltair 8800, first personal computer in kit formApple II,TRS-80, and PET, first popular commercial personal computersFirst 5" floppy-disk drivesFirst popular word processor application, WordstarRAM reaches 64 KBFirst popular database application, dBase IIFirst IBM PCInternet begins when rules are agreedFirst graphical user interface personal computer with mouse, Apple's LisaRAM at 256 KBMacintosh computer, first successful GUI computerRAM over 1 MBApple launches 3.5" floppy diskOver 1000 internet hostsCombination of Adobe PageMaker, Macintosh, and laser printer begins desktop publishing revolution using personal computersMicrosoft launches WindowsApple Newton personal digital assistant (PDA) launched by Apple. First with handwriting recognitionBill Gates becomes richest person in the United StatesFirst web browser, NCSA Mosaic (later to become Netscape Navigator), allows the World Wide Web to become popularHotmail launchedIBM's Deep Blue becomes first computer to beat a reigning chess champion, Garry KasparovApple Computer launches successful all-in-one iMac, first home computer without a floppy driveMicrosoft launches Windows 2000Sony releases PlayStation 2Apple launches first iPod and releases Mac OS XApple launches Apple iTunes online storeMicrosoft Xbox 360 and Nintendo WiiMicrosoft releases VistaApple releases the Apple iPhoneMicrosoft releases Windows 7Apple releases the Apple iPadApple releases the Apple WatchFirst popular spreadsheet application, VisiCalc
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