Gregory VII (16 maio 1073 ano – 3 fev 1085 ano)

Descrição:

Introduced the Gregorian calendar. Condemned simony and introduced universal celibacy among the clergy.

He also declared papal authority to be blessed, and therefore lawful and able to bestow imperial and royal power.

Opposed by the king of Germany, Henry IV, in the investiture controversy - a conflict of church and state.

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