20th century (1 jan 1901 ano – 24 dez 2000 ano)

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1901 Ethical Policy is proclaimed.
1903 Aceh declared conquered.
1904 Van Heutz becomes Governor General. Kartini established a school for women in Rembang, just like Dewi Sartika, she was considered as the pioneer of women's rights in Indonesia.
16 January Dewi Sartika established the first school for women in Dutch East Indies in Bandung, she was considered as the pioneer of women's rights in Indonesia.
1906 The Dutch intervention in Bali (1906) destroyed the southern Bali kingdom of Badung and Tabanan.
1907 Tirto Adhi Suryo founds civil servants' association Sarekat Priyayi.
1908 Budi Utomo is proclaimed as the first official nationalist movement. During Dutch intervention in Bali (1908), the last Balinese rulers wiped out in puputan ('suicidal battle to death').
1911 Tirto Adhi Suryo founds the Islamic Traders' League.
1912 Islamic League (Sarekat Islam) becomes the first mass-based nationalist party.
First scientific description ever of Komodo dragon by Peter Ouwens.
18 November The modernist Islamic organization Muhammadiyah was established by Ahmad Dahlan in Yogyakarta.
1914 World War I breaks out; the Netherlands is a neutral country in the war.
1917 East Indies trade with Europe cut off by the war. Russian Revolution
1918 Tirto Adhi Suryo dies.
1919 May Mt Kelud in East Java erupts with a deathtoll of around 5,000 people.
1920 Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) is founded. Economic downturn.
1925 Birth of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. A sharp rise in world commodity prices brings prosperity to the Indies.
1926 31 January Nahdlatul Ulama was established by Hasyim Asy'ari as the reaction to the modernist Muhammadiyah organization.
1929 Great Depression in America. affected the economy of Dutch East Indies.
1930 Sukarno's famous nationalist speech, 'Indonesia Accuses', given as defence in his political trial.
1941 8 December Netherlands declared war on Japan.
1942 27 February Battle of the Java Sea, Imperial Japanese Navy defeated Allied force and sealed the fate of Netherlands East Indies, afterwards Imperial Japan occupies Indonesia during World War II, over throwing the Dutch East Indies and install their own imperial structure.
1945 28 May First meeting of the Investigatory Commission for Indonesian Independence.
1 June Sukarno's Pancasila speech
16 July Draft of constitution for the Republic completed.
August Republican government established in Jakarta and constitution adopted. Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) established.
August Euphoria of revolution spreads across the country, while local Japanese commanders and their troops often abandoned urban areas to avoid confrontation. Many discreetly allowed Indonesian youths to acquire arms. Republican youths take over infrastructure facilities in large Javan cities and mass pro-Republic rallies are held. (to September)
15 August Japanese surrender to Allied powers.
17 August "Proclamation of Indonesian Independence," signed by Sukarno-Hatta.
3 November Vice President Hatta proclaims right of the people to form political parties.
10 November Battle of Surabaya.
1946 Social revolutions, including the Three Regions (Tiga Daerah) Revolt.
Federal states, including the State of East Indonesia are set up by Dutch in the outer islands.
1947 25 March Linggadjati Agreement, first ceasfire.
20 July Major Dutch military offensive to resolve differences by force.
1948 Darul Islam rebellions begin in West Java, spread to other provinces but conclude with the execution of its leader Kartosoewiryo. (to 1962)
19 January Renville Agreement establishes the Van Mook line between Republican and Dutch held territories.
August Fall of Amir Syarifuddin government largely from Renville Agreement fallout.
18 September Madiun Affair: Nationalist leaders launch a revolt in Central Java in an attempt to take over the Revolution but are suppressed by Communist troops.
19 December Dutch undertake second military offensive capturing Republican capital at Yogyakarta and most of the Republican cabinet. Amir Syarifuddin executed by fleeing Republicans.
1949 February Tan Malaka executed by Republican Army.
1 August Official ceasefire.
December International pressure leads Netherlands Government to transfer power to the United States of Indonesia (RUSI) at the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference.

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