Marcus Garvey (7 ago 1887 ano – 10 jun 1940 ano)

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Marcus Garvey was a black leader in America that appealed to black people's sense of racial pride, exalting blackness as strong and beautiful. He argued that it was futile for blacks to attempt to achieve equality in U.S. society by appealing to white peoples' sense of justice and democracy, as racism was too deeply entrenched in U.S. society. He believed the only way for blacks to truly be equal was for them to return to Africa and create a nation of their own. Thus he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and the "Back to Africa" movement. At its height, it contained at least 500,000 members.

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