Pope Pius IX (8 mar 1846 ano – 12 dez 1878 ano)

Descrição:

Initially cautious about supporting Italian unification; changed his mind to absolutely hating it when driven from Rome during upheavals with Austria

Started trend of future papacy's opposing most modern trends in general

wrote Syllabus of Errors in 1864 -- strongly denounced rationalism, socialism, separation of church and state, and religious liberty

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