Scientific Revolution & the Enlightenment: "Age of Reason" (4 jan 1500 ano – 29 jan 1687 ano)

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Paradigm shift: a completely different way of doing things

"Age of Reason": a completely different way of thinking about the world
- change in thought process: ideas that people might have rights regardless of what others think
- goal post of what it takes to be a good human being

Pre-1500:
- ideas based on words of Ancient Greeks, Romans, or the Bible
- no challenges
no real curiosity about how things work- not questioning
- medieval view: geocentric theory, Christianity

Post-1500: the Scientific Revolution
- a series of changes in the structure of European thought itself
- "systematic doubt" - doubt everything
- scientists all doubted that the Church had all the answers
- "empirical and sensory verification" - data to back up hypotheses
- scientists used experience to prove the truth
- sorting human knowledge into separate sciences (astronomy, physics, chemistry, anatomy, etc.) and the view that the world functions like a machine

Spread of the Scientific Revolution:
- Printing Press: literacy helped make people more aware
- exploration in Africa/Asia/America
- need better instruments/geographic measurements for navigation

Foundations for the Enlightenment
- Scientific Revolution led to people challenging assumptions on govt, religion, economics, and education --> why are things the way they are?

Paris was the center of learning during the Enlightenment

Coffee became a commodity: allowed people to assemble together: replacement of alcohol as the socially affected drink --> does not affect the ability to think & solve world problems like alcohol does

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