Boxer Rebellion (18 out 1899 ano – 7 set 1901 ano)

Descrição:

an anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Militia United in Righteousness. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1895 villagers in North China feared the expansion of foreign spheres of influence and resented the extension of privileges to Christian missionaries, who used them to support their followers. In 1898, Northern China experienced several natural disasters, including the Yellow River flooding and droughts. Boxers blamed these disasters on foreign and Christian influence.

An Eight Nation Alliance of American, Austro-Hungarian, British, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Russian troops moved into China to lift the siege and rescue stranded civilians. The Empress Dowager Cixi, who had initially been hesitant, now supported the Boxers and on June 21, issued an Imperial Decree declaring war on the invading powers. Chinese officialdom was split between those supporting the Boxers and those favouring conciliation, led by Prince Qing. The supreme commander of the Chinese forces, the Manchu General Ronglu later claimed he acted to protect the foreigners. Officials in the southern provinces ignored the imperial order to fight against foreigners.

The Eight-Nation Alliance, after being initially turned back by the Imperial Chinese military and Boxer militia brought 20,000 armed troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army in Tianjin, and arrived in Beijing on August 14, relieving the siege of the Legations, and leading to the plunder of the capital and the surrounding countryside ensued, along with summary execution of those suspected of being Boxers in retribution.

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