Mesopotamia (1 jan 12000 ano antes da era comum – 1 jan 539 ano antes da era comum)

Descrição:

Who:
The Sumer Kingdom (3000-2334): Controlled Eridu, Nippur, Lagash, Uruk, Kish, and Ur, the city states in the area. The most important of these was Uruk. They created the first written language. They were destroyed by Sargon.
Akkadians Empire (2234-2154): The world's first multicultural civilization with a central government. Sargon became their king, and he started expanding. architecture thrived. Gutians took over, which caused the empire to lose all its power.
Ur-Namma (2100-2004): Ur a city run by Sumerians came to power again. They defeated the Gutians and became the most powerful again. They were defeated themselves by Elamites and Amorites attacks. The Sumerian culture was destroyed.
Babylonians (2300-1750): The Amorites established Babylonian as their new country.
Hittites Old Kingdom (1700-1500): They conquered many places. Took control from the Babylonians, they abandoned Babylon soon after. smelting made their weapons more advanced than the other civilizations in the area. Their capital was Hattusa.
Hittites New Kingdom (1400-1200): The peak of the Hittites. They fought against the kingdom of Mitanni. They fell in the Bronze Age Collapse. The Hittites used lots of metals.
Assyrians (1365-627): They started expanding massively. They defended themselves against an alliance of Syria, Egypt, and Babylon. Created the first library. Ashurbanipal was betrayed by the then king of Babylonia, his brother, which ended the empire.
Neo-Babylonian (626-539): Nabopolassar failed to take control of the Assyria. Neo-Babylonian was conquered by Cyrus the Great and ended Mesopotamia.
What:
It is an area where the first civilizations known to man were made. Advanced culture and technology and spread civilizations.
When: 12,000 BCE-539 BCE
Where: The Middle East
Why: Why was the middle east the place where civilizations were first created?
Flooding made the Middle East fertile, making it easy to survive there.
Timely Impact: The first civilizations known by us today. Where most countries where at the time.
Lasting Impact: Some christian stories were based on the United Sumer's stories. Created many basic technologies and ideas, like wheels, plows, irrigation systems, chariot, written language, and more.

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