Mongol Empire/Khanates (1 jan 1206 ano – 1 jan 1502 ano)

Descrição:

Not only did the Mongols kill the populations of entire cities, but they also intimidated others into surrendering.

Contributed to southernization.
The Silk Roads flourished during the Pax Mongolica, when the Mongols had total control of the trade routes and had their soldiers protect them. New routes were established as well.

Largest ever contiguous empire.
Founded by Genghis Khan.

1294: Kublai Khan died, causing the Mongol Empire to split into 4 khanates between 4 rulers.

1236-1502 Golden Horde:
time period APWHM book, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horde

Ruled over Russia and forced them to pay taxes (tribute). Grand Duke Ivan III established independence from them in 1480.

1271-1368 Yuan Dynasty: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty

Established by Kublai Khan after several attempts to conquer before he was even the Khan. Affected art style, improved trade, and promoted religious tolerance.
Overthrown by a revolt led by Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Taizu), beginning the Ming Dynasty

Other khanates:
Chagatai Khanate (the -stan country area north of India) 1226-1348
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate

c. 1369: Area conquered by Tamerlane

Ilkhanate (Persia) 1256–1335
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilkhanate

The ministers and officials were Persian because the Ilkhanate figured out more taxes would be collected.

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