r. Joseph II (1 jan 1765 ano – 1 jan 1790 ano)

Descrição:

Joseph II was Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and the sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 29, 1780, until his death in 1790.

Joseph II (the "Revolutionary Emporer) was more stridently and excitedly progressive than his mother and sought to end some of the injustices of the lower classes. He drew on Enlightenment ideals and implemented reform rapidly.

Joseph abolished serfdom and decreed that peasants could pay landlords in cash rather than labor. The measure was rejected by both nobility and peasants who didn’t have the money. He taxed equally, insisted on equal punishment for equal crimes, granted liberty of the press, tolerated almost all religions, granted equal rights to Jews, frequently clashed with the pope and demanded more justice within Catholicism, enacted the Edict of Idle Institutions which outlawed contemplative and ineffectual monastic orders, and attempted to develop the empire economically, specifically with an East India Company that failed. He tried to impress the German language, bureaucracy became more modern, and he created a secret police force. However, his tendency to issue heavy reform with little support (especially from nobles) didn't work nor did it sit well with his people. He died at only 49, disillusioned and with revolutions from the people of Hungary and the Belgians.

Adicionado na linha do tempo:

Data: