Kamakura Government (1 jan 1185 ano – 1 jan 1333 ano)

Descrição:

The samurai (warrior-administrators), who took the position of the royal authority in running local government, are the most significant characteristic of the mediaeval era.

When the Heian government disregarded the governance of the provinces, gangs of samurai acquired control because the court authority lacked a police force. Samurai discipline and strong group loyalty were their pillars of power. These groups controlled vast tracts of rice fields in eastern Japan, close to the present-day city of Tokyo.
The Minamoto family established a new government in 1185 in Kamakura, which is located south of contemporary Tokyo. Minamoto Yoritomo was awarded the title "shôgun" in 1192 to denote his military rule over the nation. The Kamakura administration was controlled by a nationwide network of samurai who were sworn to maintain peace while adhering to Heian rule. They were able to seize property from wealthy aristocratic landowners because they could exert actual authority immediately, which made the Heian administration in Kyôto more weaker. The development of the country's legal system was gradually led by the samurai.
The only military invasion of Japan prior to World War II took place during this time with the Mongol invasions. After invading China, Khubilai, the Great Khan of the Mongols, was crowned Emperor of China in 1263. He pushed his conquest of Japan forwards. Mongols and Chinese made large maritime expeditions to south-west Japan in 1274 and 1281. In Kyûshû, samurai were both numerically and technologically vastly outnumbered. The whole invading fleet was destroyed or sent to sea in 1274 by a powerful storm. After 50 days of ferocious combat in 1281, a powerful storm once more saved the Japanese. These storms earned the moniker "kamikaze," or "divine winds." The suicide pilots defending the islands became known as kamikaze (more than 650 years later, during America's second invasion of Japan). For the first time in history, the Mongolian invasion efforts into Japan brought the Japanese people together to oppose an outside army. Shintô priests who invoked the nation's gods for protection were generously rewarded.

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