Peregrinus II (31 dez 1195 ano – 15 maio 1204 ano)

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Little is known of the origins of P. II, however it is not excluded that he may be a nephew of the patriarch Pellegrino I of Povo Beseno (1131-1161). Provost of Cividale from 1173 and archdeacon of Aquileia from 1188 , in 1188 he was entrusted with the office of vicedomino.

Elected patriarch after the death of Goffredo (1194), due to the debts that the Aquileian patriarchate was forfeited, the pontiff obtained the consent to continue to receive the income of the provost of Cividale. In Como, in 1195, the new patriarch received the feudal investiture from the emperor Henry VI; the sovereign also canceled some acts of his predecessor that negatively weighed on the finances of the patriarchate. Support in this sense also came from the pope who urged bishops and abbots to support him against the abuses of those who oppressed the Aquileian church. P. was soon forced to defend himself against the municipality of Treviso; this threat, which already emerged at the time of the patriarchs Ulrich II of Treffen(1161-1182) and Goffredo (1182-1194), represented from then on a constant in the historical events of Friuli. The deterioration of the political situation of the patriarchate is evident, which until then, thanks to the unconditional support of the emperors, had never been forced to commit itself to the defense of its western borders. This change must be traced back to the progressive awareness by the municipalities of north-eastern Italy of their effective power.

In 1198, the troops of the municipality of Treviso, allied with Vicenza and Verona, devastated the lands of the bishops of Belluno, Feltre and Ceneda. Despite the pontiff's threats, the bishop of Ceneda Matteo was forced to take refuge with the patriarch. P. then sought the support of Venice and, by entering into a pact of mutual military assistance, made himself a citizen of that city. The patriarch's situation was further complicated by the fact that even the counts of Gorizia, lawyers of the church of Aquileia, allied themselves with the Treviso people to take advantage of the situation. TOSan Quirinonear Cormòns, in 1202, a pact was signed that defined the fate of the fiefdoms of Gorizia should the dynasty become extinct; on the occasion of the negotiations it was also established what precisely were the rights connected to the office of the lawyer. The bishop of Ceneda in 1203, while reserving some rights, yielded to the requests of the Trevigiani who from then on would have exercised jurisdiction in the Ceneda committee in the same way that they already exercised in the Treviso bishopric. P. also came to terms with the municipality of Treviso and, attempting within the limits granted to safeguard the territorial integrity and boundaries of the patriarchate, agreed not to demand payment of the damages caused by the Treviso people to his lands.


From the pastoral point of view P. tried, without much success, to impose on Poppone, successor of the provost Gabriel of Aquileia († 1198/99), respect for the chapter constitution issued by Ulrico II. Poppone in fact claimed to administer and enjoy the income pertaining to the chapter; this attitude could be traced back to Poppone's Germanic origin. In fact, it is well known that the profoundly feudalized clergy beyond the Alps were unwilling to accept what was proposed by the circles linked to the reform. The provost, however, was allowed, even after an explicit invitation from the pontiff to respect what was established at the time of Ulrich, to interfere in the appointments of the canons and to continue to administer some capitular goods.

The patriarch always remained deeply attached to Cividale: he commissioned the large silver-gilt altarpiece which is still preserved today in the cathedral of that city. The work, originally conceived as an "antepedium", adorned the rebuilt building thanks to the patriarch's commitment, after a fire of 1186 had completely devastated it. The altarpiece represents the Madonna enthroned between the archangels Michael and Gabriel. Among the twenty-five saints arranged in three registers on the sides of the Madonna, which dominates the portrait of the client and an inscription with the invocation of the patriarch to the Virgin, the Aquileians stand out Ermagora, Fortunato and Hilary, but also Donato, patron of Cividale, Pauline of Aquileia. The frame is decorated with busts of the prophets; in the internal glimpse there is a votive inscription, or rather an epigraphic poem in Leonine verse.

The altarpiece was probably made in Cividale by “lagoon” workers, who perhaps came to Friuli in the wake of the patriarch who, as already mentioned, had entered into a pact of alliance with Venice; however, it is not excluded that it may have been made by local goldsmiths. The work documents the emergence in Friuli of the Venetian-Byzantine artistic language, through which, filtered, also the experience of the Romanesque art of Po Valley Italy was able to spread in the patriarchate. Friuli, therefore, towards the end of the 12th century was no longer subject only to the influences of the Germanic world, but it was rather aimed at the artistic reality of the lagoon city where the gradual fusion of the Byzantine language with Romanesque elements from the mainland was proceeding. The Cividale altarpiece was surmounted by the embossed silver cross in which the reflections of the Romanesque emerge much more clearly in the robust modeling of the body of Christ.Four lobed clypei were added to the ends of the cross in the Gothic age with images of the Virgin, St. John, an angel and Adam freed from Limbo. An altarpiece, probably similar to the one commissioned for the Cividale cathedral, was donated, together with a chalice by P. II himself to the church of Aquileia, but was later given as a pledge to the Venetians and due to neglect was lost, as it was not provided to redeem it.

P. died onMay 15, 1204and was buried in the basilica of Aquileia.

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