Berthold von Andechs-Meran (27 mar 1218 ano – 23 maio 1251 ano)

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Berthold was the son of Bertoldo IV of Andechs and Agnes of Rochlitz, he was the last in the Bavarian noble family of the Andechs, Margraves of Istria . His brothers were Duke Otto VII of Merania , the bishop of Bamberg Ekbert von Andechs, the duchess and saint Hedwig of Silesia and the queen of France Agnes ; another sister, Gertrude , married the Hungarian ruler Andrew II and became the mother of St. Elizabeth . An aunt of Bertoldo, Matilde, became countess of Gorizia .

Thanks to the marriage of his sister with the Magyar ruler, Bertoldo obtained important civil and ecclesiastical offices: he became count and in 1207 he became bishop of Kalocsa ; an appointment that Pope Innocent III confirmed only in 1212 due to the lack of the required age and the lack of experience. Probably for this reason, Bertoldo went to Vicenza shortly after to deepen his studies.

In 1209 Bertoldo became bano of Croatia , Dalmatia and Slavonia and in 1212 he also became voivode of Transylvania and viceroy.

The Magyar nobility could not stand the influence that the Bavarian queen had towards her husband, and the preferences accorded to the German nobles over the local nobility, and in 1213 hatched a plot which, taking advantage of the absence of the king who was in Halych for a hunting trip, led to the killing of the queen.

Bertoldo barely escaped the plot and ran away with his brothers.

In 1218 Pope Honorius III nominated him patriarch of Aquileia, a prerogative that takes away from the chapter of Aquileia as he was unable to reach a decision; when he reached the Basilica of Aquileia to take possession of it, he stumbled and fell near the entrance, the pope then exclaimed: "Here you will rest for eternity." In fact, his grave is located in the exact spot where he fell. He governed the Fatherland of Friuli with skill and wisdom : he encouraged the spread of the Franciscans , he issued norms against the heretics and flagellants present in the region; in 1238, after an earthquake destroyed the patriarchal palace (25 December 1222), he moved his residence from Cividale toUdine (which then had about 1 200 inhabitants), which it raised to the rank of city. He granted the city the right to hold a market that took place in today's Piazza Matteotti, also called Piazza San Giacomo due to the presence of the church of the same name, the Cathedral of Udine was also built at his behest, which was built starting from 1245, he also granted various tax advantages to the Friulian nobility. Bertoldo started an intense consolidation of the power of the patriarchal state and its territories during his mandate. For his commitment he received the support of Frederick IIwho saw in him an ally against the enemy cities of Lombardy (Frederick had the patriarch at his side in the countryside in Italy in 1233, during the siege of Brescia in 1238 and the diet of Ravenna in 1231 and that of Cividale in May 1232 ), so much so that he was excommunicated in 1239 for his loyalty to the Emperor when the conflict between Pope Gregory IX and Frederick II became more intense. Only in 1241, after the intervention of King Andrew II of Hungary , was the excommunication lifted. Bertoldo became from then on an intermediary between the emperor and the pope. Bertoldo accompanied Frederick II to the Holy Land (1228-1229), here he rededicated the altar of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem .

Among the merits of the patriarch Bertoldo there is also the introduction in Friuli of the vine called Tocai until recently (now it has taken the name of ' Friulano ') thanks to the good relations maintained with his nephew Bela IV of Hungary, Magyar sovereign ascended the throne in 1235 . On the other hand, it appears from another version that the vine, native of Friuli, arrived in Hungary as a dowry of Countess Cecilia Formentini who was married to a Hungarian prince.

The city of Cividale del Friuli preserves two precious illuminated manuscripts by the patriarch Bertoldo: the Psalterium Egberti and the Psalter of St. Elizabeth .

Under the government of Bertoldo the meeting took place in 1231 which sanctioned the beginning of the activity of the Parliament of the Fatherland of Friuli.

Bertoldo supported many military operations and signed peace from the beginning of his patriarchate: he fought in particular against the Treviso people (allied with the Count of Tyrol and with Bernardo di Ortenburg-Sponheim, Duke of Carinthia who incited some feudal lords of the patriarchate to revolt), both alone , both with the support of the municipalities of Padua , Vicenza and Verona , the papacy and the Serenissima . The decisive victory in favor of the patriarchate ( 1219 ) took place in Cavolano (near Sacile ), the patriarchal troops sacked Pordenone, Prata , Porcia , Ceneda and forced Treviso to peace (13 August 1221 ), setting the border on the Livenza.

Even Ezzelino III da Romano , allying himself with the counts of Prata, moved against the Patriarch by committing, as we can read from the documents of the time, ferocious atrocities.

Bertoldo, to cope with this situation, first allied himself with the Counts of Este , then with Mantua and Brescia and finally, in the war against Gorizia , he received reinforcements from the Duke of Carinthia; also won the clash with the Gorizia ( 1226 ) the patriarch agreed with Mainardo II, Count of Gorizia for the restitution of the usurped lands of Friuli which he regained as a fief.

As the extension of the Patriarchate increased hostilities and the number of its enemies increased: even Istria caused serious concerns to Bertoldo who, however, with his troops, brought it back to obedience. During his domination he increased the enclosure of the walls of the city of Cividale, adding three walled villages: San Pietro, San Domenico and Borgo del Ponte.

The sudden and unexpected defection of the patriarch from the imperial party ( 1248 ) caused the incursions into Friuli of Ezzelino III da Romano , Mainardo III of Tirolo-Gorizia and the rebel feudal lord Guecello di Prata ( 1250 ) who, surprised the patriarch in an ambush near Sacile , it almost comes to capture him. Ezzelino occupied Fagagna and lined up waiting for the patriarchal troops in San Vito al Tagliamento , but the battle did not take place. The patriarch managed to make peace with Mainardo III and Ezzelino by evacuating the territories occupied during the conflict. Bertoldo and Voldarico bishop of Trieste participated in thecouncil of Lyon of 1245 , called to confirm the excommunication of Frederick II.

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