Model of the Atom: nuclear model (Rutherford) (1 jan 1909 ano – 1 jan 1911 ano)

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Ernest Rutherford was a New-Zealand physicist. In 1911, Rutherford wanted to challenge J.J. Thompson’s plum pudding model, to determine if his discovery was true and to develop further research on the atom. He did this by performing the 'Gold Foil Experiment'. In this investigation, he placed a piece of gold foil and closed it off with a detecting screen (coated with fluorescent so that if the alpha particles touched it, the screen would flash). Rutherford realised most of the alpha particles went through the gold foil while some of them bounced back or deflected at large angles. This was the moment he knew that the Plum Pudding Model couldn’t have been correct.
With most of the atoms going through the piece of foil, Rutherford concluded that most of the atom was made up of empty space and that because some of them bounced back, the atomic mass must’ve been more centralised. Finally, when the alpha particle reflected off the gold foil at an angle, during the procedure, it indicated that they both had the same charge as each other (the alpha particle having a +2 charge). Rutherford's theory is well known as the 'nuclear model' because it was the first model of an atom to include the nucleus.

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