Charles Darwin (12 fev 1809 ano – 19 abr 1882 ano)

Descrição:

British Geologist, Naturalist

-False start-->medicine/clergy

-Find life's work at Cambridge
-----Influence of Henslow (biology) and Sedgwick (geology)

-Theory of Evolution - Elements:
-----Individual variation - can be deliberately accentuated
-----some variations are "favorable"; increases chance of surviving the "struggle for existence"
-----These^ variations are "selected" by nature (i.e., natural selection); explained extinction found in fossil record

-Voyage on the 'Beagle' - Contributions to geology:
-----Supported Lyell's "uniformitarian" views (vs. Catastrophism)
-Voyage on the 'Beagle' - contributions to biology:
-----huge specimen collection (1,529 preserved)

-Theory evolves: The Malthus hint
-----the population grows faster than food the supply-->produces a "struggle for existence"

-Theory evolves: Pigeon breeder hint
-----Artificial selection implies an analogy to nature (i.e., a "natural selection")

-Theory evolves: The delay
-----bad health after voyage led him to procrastinate publishing his work
-"The Vestiges of Creation" was anonymously published in 1844-->v similar to his theory, but was widely criticized and author was being hunted by the church-->decided to hold off for a bit
-scientific conservatism

-Wallace letter in 1858

-Darwin & Psychology:
(a) Functionalist thinking
(b) Led to comparative psychology
-----continuity among species
(c) Led to study of individual variation
-----individual differences
(d) Modern evocation
-----Evolutionary psychology

-"Expressions of Emotions in Man and Animals" (1872)
-----Serviceable associated habits
-----Antithesis
-----Direct action of the nervous system
-----Methodology (e.g., studying children and the insane - no inhibitions)

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