Mu'tazila (2 set 720 ano – 10 ago 847 ano)

Descrição:

The Mu'tazila developed an Islamic type of rationalism, partly influenced by Ancient Greek philosophy, based around three fundamental principles: the oneness and justice of God, human freedom of action and the creation of the Quran. Start with Wail ibn Ata'.
Abu al-Hudhayl al-'Allaf (d. 235 AH/849 AD), who lived a few generations after Wāṣil ibn ʿAtāʾ (واصل بن عطاء) and ʿAmr ibn ʿUbayd, is considered the theologian who systematized and formalized Muʿtazilism in Basra. Another branch of the school found a home in Baghdad under the direction of Bishr ibn al-Mu'tamir (d. 210 AH/825 AD); the instigators thought it was the Caliph's own scheme: under al-Ma'mun (813-833), "Muʿtazilism became the established faith.”
Al Ma'mun - 27 September 813 – 7 August 833
Al Mu'tasim - 9 August 833 – 5 January 842
Al Wathiq - 5 January 842 – 10 August 847

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