Julius Caesar (1 jan 100 ano antes da era comum – 15 mar 44 ano antes da era comum)

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Born into a noble family and receiving an excellent education, Caesar was a superb orator, and his personality and wit made him popular. Also being a military genius who knew how to win battles and turn victories into permanent gains. He knew how to take advantage of the patron-client system and became a protégé of Crassus, who provided cash for Caesar's needs, and at the same time helped the careers of other politicians, who in turn looked to Caesar's interest in Rome when he was out of town. He launched his military career in Hispania, where he earned the respect and affection of his troops thanks to his courage.
In 60 BCE Caesar returned from Spain to Rome and created, together with Crassus and Pompey, the First Triumvirate, in which alliance was formed between the three in which they agreed to advance one another's interests. Personal ambitions would undermine the First Triumvirate. While Caesar was away from Rome, his supporters would form gangs that attacked the supporters of Pompey. This caused the First Triumvirate to disintegrate. Crassus died in battle trying to conquer Parthia and Caesar and Pompey accused each other of treachery. The Senate would side with Pompey and ordered Caesar to disband his army, but he refused. In 49 BCE Caesar crossed the Rubicon river- the boundary of territorial command- with his army. The Senate and Pompey would flee the city and Caesar strolled in with no resistance. Caesar led his army in Spain and Greece against the supporters of the Senate and Pompey, and eventually defeated Pompey and his army in 48 BCE during the Battle of Pharsalus in central Greece. Pompey now fled to Egypt where Caesar would still follow him. Egypt at this moment was in the middle of a battle of control between a brother and a sister, Ptolomy XIII and Cleopatra VII. Cleopatra allied with Caesar, whose army destroyed Ptolomy's army and thus ending the power struggle. Pompey was assassinated in Egypt and Caesar and Cleopatra became lovers, and Caesar brought Cleopatra to Rome. Caesar put down a revolt against Roman control by the King of Pontus in northern Turkey and gained a major victory over Pompey's army- now controlled by his sons- in Spain.
While battling all his opponents throughout the whole Mediterranean Caesar went back to Rome once in a while and was elected or appointed to high positions, such as consul and dictator. He was acclaimed imperator, a title given to victorious military commanders that later gave rise to the word emperor. Ever after Caesar had crossed the Rubicon, he made decisions basically on his own authority, though often with the approval of the Senate, which he had packed with his own supporters. Even though he made many changes and was not done yet, Brutus and Cassius, two patricians who favored the traditional Republic, opposed his rise to what was becoming absolute power. In 44 BCE on March 15, Caesar was stabbed to death by conspiring senators on the steps of the theater of Pompey where the Senate was meeting that day.

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