Powerful Kingdoms Ruled Savannas of West Africa (1 jan 7 ano – 31 dez 1500 ano)

Descrição:

- 8-16th century: powerful kingdoms and imperial states ruled the savannas of west Africa
- earliest ex: kingdom of Ghana originated as early as the fourth or fifth century and established its dominance in the region in the eight century by controlling and taxing the trans-Saharan trade in gold to field a large army and influence affairs in much of west Africa
- 13th century: the Mali empire replaced Ghana as the preeminent power in west Africa and continued the Ghana policy of controlling trans-Saharan trade
- 1464-1591: Songhay Empire then replaced the Mali as the preeminent power
- At the start of the early modern era (1500s): African peoples lived under a variety of political organizations, clans, regional kingdoms, city-states, and large imperial states

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