History of Cosmology
Category: Outro
Atualizado: 23 ago 2022
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Created bysanudi wanniarachchi
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Around 350 BCE- Aristotle describes the geocentric (Earth-centred) model of the universeAround 200 BCE- Aristarchus proposes a heliocentric (sun-centred) model of the universe that is widely ignored.Around 150BCE- Ptolemy refines the geocentric model of the universe to try to explain the retrograde (east to west) motion of the planets.1520- Ferdinand Megellan is the first European to observe the Magellanic Clouds, which are later recognised as galaxies outside the Milky Way.1543- Nicholas Copernicus publishes a paper that presents the heliocentric model of the universe with a number of improvements of Aristarchus' version.1600- Giordano Bruno is burnt at the stake. One of his crimes was promoting the heliocentric model of the universe.1609- Kepler publishes Astronomia Nova explaining the motion of the planets by using a heliocentric model of the universe and elliptical (oval-shaped) orbits.1610- Galileo Galilei observes the moons of Jupiter.1632- Galileo publishes his Dialogue on Two World Systems, which argues in favour of the heliocentric model of the universe.1687- Isaac Newton publishes Principia Mathematica in which, among other things, he explains the law of universal gravitation (gravity)1750- Thomas Wright suggests the Milky Way is a flattened disk of stars and that nebular might be other galaxies.1781- William herschel discovers Uranus, the fiirst planet not visible to the naked eyes to be discovered.1785- William Herschel constructs the first map of the Milky Way galaxy1838- Friedrich Bassel observes stellar parallax- the apparent movement of stars due to Earth's movement around the sun1846- John Couch Adams discovers Neptune1922- Ernst Opik demonstrates that the Andromeda nebula lies outside the Milky Way galaxy1927- Georges Lemaitre proposes the Big Bang theory, which suggests that the universe began as a giant explosion of energy.1929- Edwin Hubble discovers evidence of an expanding universe, which supports the Big Bang model.1930- Clyde Tombaugh discovers Pluto1964- Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovers cosmic microwave background radioation, further evidenet supporting the Big Bang model.1969- Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin are the first human beings to walk on the surface of the moon.1983- Pioneer 10 becomes the frist spacecraft to leave the solar system.1998- The spacecraft Galileo returns data suggesting theat Europa has liquid oceans under its icy surface.2005- Planet-sized objects Eris, Haumea and Makemake are discovered in the Kuiper Belt.2006- The International Astronomical Union rules that Pluto is not a planet.
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