History of Terrorism
Category: Outro
Atualizado: 14 dez 2018
Autores
Created byCole Johnson
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Eventos
Assassination of Julius CaesarAmerican RevolutionFrench RevolutionHaitian RevolutionAbolition of French MonarchyExecution of French KingFrance 1793-94: “Terror”1799-1814/15: NapoleonCharlotte Corday’s murder of Jean-Paul MaratHaitian “Slave Revolt”Haitian EmancipationInvasion of French forces to reestablish slavery/colonyHaitian IndependenceHaiti: Exclusion from trade/international relations as “punishment” for taking freedom: deliberate impoverishmentKarl Heinzen's “Murder” - Justifies use of violence and terror against the stateEmancipation of Serfs (Russia)The Great Reforms (1860s)The “Nechaev Affair”
Murder of a student (1869)Movement "to the people" (1874)
Spontaneous movement of thousands of activists to villages and factoriesVera Zasulich TrialThe "Tsar Hunt" 1879-81March 1, 1881: AssassinationExplosion at Winter Palace, 1880: 11 killed, 56 wounded1880s Fenian (Irish) Brotherhood: bombing campaign1894: Bombing of Cafe Terminus in Paris
Emile HenryDynamite, Alfred NobelParis Commune, 1871Mayday 1891Ravachol ExecutedThe Assassination of President Carnot 1894The Haymarket Affair, 1886Governor Altgeld 1893 PardonPostal bombs terrorist Scare of 1919-20
New Factor: Russian Revolution of 1917John Brown and the Raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia 1859Reconstruction: 1866-771882: Dublin’s Phoenix Park AssassinationEaster Uprising, 1916 (Irish)1918-1922: Urban Guerrilla Warfare Irish Republican Army: IRAIndian National Congress, 1885Murder of William Hutt Curzon Wyllie and Cowas Lalcaca (1909) Bringing the cause of Indian independence to British soil
Madan Lal DhingraThe Reichstag Fire (Feb. 1933) “Communist terrorism”Kristallnacht (1938)Russian Civil War (1918-21)Stalinism and the “Terror” (1936-39)British Rule (1917-48) of PalestineFounding of State of Israel, 1948PLO, 1964
Yasser Arafat 1968Irgun (Etzel), 1936LEHI 1940Bombing of the King David Hotel, July 1946Occupation of West Bank and Gaza Strip (1967)1969 TWA Flight from Rome (Syria)1968 El Al Flight Rome-Tel Aviv (Algiers)The Mau Mau Uprising: 1952-1960
Kenya: East AfricaThe Algerian War of Independence, 1954-62Battle of Algiers, 1956-57Evian Accords, 1962 - IndependenceFLN (National Liberation Front), founded 1954The Battle of Algiers 1966 film directed by Gillo PontecorvoAttack on Munich Olympics (1972)July 1976 Hijacking of Air France
Hijackers: PFLP and German group
Rescue mission of Israeli special forces flying 2500 miles from IsraelReagan: US President, 1981-89
•Anti-communist ideology and heightened cold war rhetoric •Two opposing “worlds” at war
•Illegal funding and military support of anti-communist regimes/movementsEl Salvador Military coup, 1979Nicaragua 1979 Revolution: Sandinistas overthrow military dictatorshipEgypt King Farouk Overthrown, 1952Gamal Nasser: military dictatorship 1952-1970 Pan-Arabism, nationalism Secularism
Promise of ModernityAnwar Sadat Peace with Israel, 1979Muslim Brotherhood Promotion of terrorist tactics, 1979Iranian Revolution, 1979 (Shiite)
Demonstrates Potential for Religious Revolution Supports movements intending to spread revolution (anti-US and anti-Israel)Hezbollah: Party of God
suicide attacks and bombings
Border incursions / Israel
US Embassy: 63 killed (17 U.S.) •Marine barracks: 241 killed •French barracks: 58 killedSoviet war in Afghanistan, 1979-1989Al Qaeda•Founded 1988 as Soviets withdrawing from AfghanistanTaliban gain control in Afghanistan, 19961990: Iraq invades Kuwait, First Gulf War
Controversy: Holy sites [See bin Laden’s 1998 statement]FBI Report (July 2008): “White Supremacist Recruitment of Military Personnel since 9/11”Pittsburg Tree of Life Synagogue 2018Dylann Roof •Murder of 9 African-Americans, 2015 •Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal ChurchJim Crow (1877-1964)The Order and “White Genocide”
•Terrorist cell, inspired by Turner Diaries (the “bible”)
•1983: Killed three people, stole millionsOklahoma City bombing Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building 1995
Timothy McVeighAnders Breivik, Norway 2011
Van bomb central Oslo (8 Killed) •Shooting at youth camp (69)1976: First abortion clinic arson9/11Invasion of Afghanistan •2001-presentInvasion of Iraq (2003) •Iraq had no role in 9/11 •2003-presentAbu Ghraib (2004): US prison in Iraq •Controversy over torture became public •Photographs of torture (many remain secret today)
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