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Nicaragua Political Timeline
POLS 331
Criada
Tara Djukanovic
⟶ Atualizado 6 dez 2018 ⟶
List of edits
Linhas do tempo do
Tara Djukanovic
:
6 dez 2018
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312
Chile Political Timeline
Comentários
Eventos
1821: Mexican Independence: Nicaragua first won its independence as part of the Mexican Empire
1838: Nicaragua becomes a sovereign state
1855: US and Britain sign Clayton-Bulwar treaty to establish trans-oceanic transit route w/o Nicaragua permission
1855: The liberal Leon party hires American William Walker to attack conservative Grenada party. Liberals win.
1860: Walker is executed by Nicaraguans and the British after he tries to white-wash Nicaragua and became a symbol of US imperialism to Britain
1893: Jose Santos Zelaya liberal revolution begins liberal movement. This alarmed the U.S.
1909: U.S. forces Zelaya into resignation, which sparked anti-interventionist sentiment
1909: Augusto Sandino, a radical liberal general joins liberal movement
1934: Sandino is killed, guerilla is disbanded by National Guard's "liberal" Antonio Somoza. Somozo creates U.S. sponsored dictatorship
1950: Nicaragua becomes fully dependent producer of primary goods on U.S. and a U.S. symbol of control in LA. Conservative party is only opposition
1956: Nicaraguan poet assassinates Somoza. Creates destabilization. Somoza's son takes power
1944: Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN) is formed Marxist, Fronseca was a member
1961: The Sandinista National Liberation Front is created under the leadership of Carlos Foncesa/ Guerilla warfare begins
1967: FSLN fails to mobilize local population an fails in attack. They regroup and start pandering to campesinos
1970: Progressive Christian groups emerge to oppose Somoza. Creating a unique marxist and christian opposition
1972: Earthquake kills 10,000 in Managua. Somoza does not help, keeps all money to himself subsequently loses all support-even among business elites.
1974: FSLN holds Somoza elites hostage in return for political prison release Somoza imposes Martial law, thousands are tortured. Church stops supporting him too.
1979: Somoza flees contry and then is assassinated after bombing citizens. Sandinistas/FSLN take power and form government dominatd by them and other oppositio movements
1984: Sandinistas hold fair elctions (rare) representative democracy works
1990: Sandinistas lose election and peacefully hand over power to Violeta Chamorro's conservative National Opposition Unuon (UNO). Marked return of elite decision making. unemployment rose, became a conservative neoliberal movement
1996 Elections: Conservative Aleman wins creates liberal alliance. FSLN Daniel Ortega comes in 2nd,. Aleman is known for corruption.
2001: Elections. Ortega aligns himself with Aleman which turns out to bad. He loses to liberal alliance candidate Bolanos.
2004: Liberal Alliance splinters, Sandinists sweep municpal elections, Aleman is persected and sent to prison
2006 elections: Ortega wins after alignment with catholic church.
2007: Nicaragua receives $600 million from Venezuela and Bolivia
1980: women's rights make numerous gains- maternity leave, equal access to education, divorce, sex ed. Abortion legalized
2006: Abortion banned
1980: 55% of workers are unionized
2018: In April 2018, demonstrations opposed a decree increasing taxes and reducing benefits in the country's pension system. Local independent press organizations had documented at least 19 dead and over 100 missing in the ensuing conflict
Períodos
1927-1933: First Sandinista War US makes deal with Nicaraguan govt to stop conflict. Everybody but Sandino agrees. Sandino takes oppressed groups (peasents, natives) to the mountains to begin a guerilla war. Successful at first which was surprising
1979-1984: Council of state created as legislative authority. Majoriy was pro-FSLN with some other representation. FSLN had trade unions, land regorm, women's rights etc. Joined Non-aligned movement and created opposition from former elites and US
1981-1982: U.S launches Contra War against Nicaragua. Reagan makes it a priority to remove Sandinistas, Sandinistas defeat them but at great cost. Conflict extends beyond just the war
2007-2012: Nicaragua receives over 1.5 billion in renewable energy