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Henrietta Lacks Timeline
Criada
MACY MONEY
⟶ Atualizado 21 nov 2018 ⟶
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John Hopkins Hospital is founded --This is where Henrietta was treated.
Alexis Carrel claims to have successfully grown "immortal" chicken-heart cells --This is the original immortal cell line.
Henrietta Lacks is born in Roanoke, Virginia --She has begun her journey.
The Nuremberg Code is produced --This is a set of ethical standards for experiments.
George Gey uses cells from Henrietta's cervix to create the first immortal human cell line / It is named HeLa --Henrietta's cells have started a major journey of scientific discovery. Henrietta dies of an unusually aggressive strain of cervical cancer --Henrietta is gone, but her cells remain.
HeLa cells become the first living cells shipped via postal mail --Her cells are spreading to other scientists. The Tuskegee Institute opens the first nonprofit "HeLa Factory" --This was able to supply her cells to laboratories and researchers. Scientists use HeLa cells to help develop the polio vaccine --Her cells make a major scientific advance.
HeLa cells become the first cells ever cloned --Yet another advance in science.
"Helen Lane" first appears in print --Henrietta is not properly credited. Chester Southam conducts experiments without patient consent to see if injections of HeLa cells could cause cancer --Lack of informed consent becomes more popular amongst researchers.
The term "informed consent" first appears in court documents --Lack of informed consent is recognized as a problem.
HeLa cells are fused with mouse cells --These are the first animal-human hybrid cells. The Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York find Southam guilty --They call for stricter guidelines for human research subjects and informed consent.
Institutional review boards must approve of funded research --This is a way to make sure informed consent is used. Stanley Gartler drops the "HeLa Bomb" and says that the cells have contaminated other cell lines --This could affect many experiments.
George Gey dies of pancreatic cancer --The man that started HeLa is dead.
For the first time in print Henrietta is identified as the source of HeLa --Henrietta is finally credited.
The Lacks family learns that Henrietta's cells are still alive --Her family finally found out after about 22 years. Researchers from John Hopkins take cells from Henrietta's kids for further research without informed consent. --They are once again oblivious to what is happening.
The Common Rule is formed --This requires informed consent for all human-subject research.
Michael Rogers publishes an article in "Rolling Stone" about HeLa and the Lacks family --Her family now know about her being commercialized.
Some of Henrietta's medical records are published without her families knowledge or consent --Her family is once again blind to societies actions.
A report is published that states 307 million tissue samples from more than 178 million people are stored in the US / most were taken without consent --This issue affects much more than just Henrietta.