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Jansen invents microscopeHooke discovered cellsLeeuwenhoek discovered protozoa and bacteria 9 years laterBrown described the cell nucleusSchleiden and Schwann proposed cell theoryAlbrecht von Roelliker discovered sperm cells and egg cells are cellsN. Pringsheim discovered how a sperm cell penetrated an egg cellRudolph Virchow discovers cells come from existing cellsKolliker described mitochondriaFlemming described chromosome behavior during mitosisGerm cells are haploid, chromosome theory of heredityGolgi described the golgi apparatusBehrens used differential centrifugation to separate nuclei from cytoplasmSiemens produced the first commercial transmission electron microscopeGey and coworkers established a continuous human cell lineEagle systematically defined the nutritional needs of animal cells in cultureMeselson, Stahl and Vinograd developed density gradient centrifugation in cesium chloride solutions for separating nucleic acidsHam introduced a defined serum-free medium. Cambridge Instruments produced the first commercial scanning electron microscopeSato and colleagues publish papers showing that different cell lines require different mixtures of hormones and growth factors in serum-free mediaTransgenic mice and fruit flies are produced. Mouse embryonic stem cell line establishedTsien identifies mutant of GFP with enhanced spectral propertiesMice are cloned from somatic cellsHamilton and Baulcombe discover siRNA as part of post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants
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