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April 1, 2024
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Geog 245 Immigration
Criada
hannah
⟶ Atualizado 1 nov 2018 ⟶
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Exclusion List Updated- 1900 Disease, Criminals, insane, anarchists, epileptics, political radicalists
Literacy Test- 1917 for people over 16 and Chinese
Quota Law-1921 limited the number of aliens of any nationality to 3% of foreign born persons of that nationality who lived in the U.S. in 1910. about 350,000 people could enter the U.S. annually as quota immigrants close relatives of U.S. immigrants and professionals not affected Passed after WW1 to prevent war torn europeans from disrupting American life
Stricter Quota Law-1924 Lower to 2% of foreign born persons of nationality in US Lots of racist theories Northern Europe= superior
National Origins Quota-1929 Max of 150,000 immigrants Proportion from each country based on first census Relatives exempt
Displaced persons act-1948 allowed shelter and eventually permanent residence to someone (and their family) who could not go back to their country because of fear of persecution based on race, religion or political opinions
McCaren-Walter Act-1952 allowed the government to deport immigrants or naturalized citizens engaged in subversive activities retained the system of national origin quotas (N and W Europe 85% of all immigrants) added a system of preferences based largely on occupation up to 50% of visas for each country to be filled by highly skilled persons and those with services urgently needed relatives were ranked next, followed by people with no salable skills and no relatives severely restrictive even for countrie
Hart Cellar Act- The Immigration and Nationality Act-1965 national origins no longer the principal determinant no more than 20,000 from any single country first opportunities given to relatives of citizens Labor Department certificate required for occupational preferences applications
Ammendment to The immigration and nationality act-1976 Law amended so that parents have highest priority only if the child was over 21 to discourage illegals /undocumented bearing children in the U.S. Unintended consequence: this led to the increase in the number of undocumented / illegal immigrants Civil offense: involves violations of administrative matters TO Criminal offense: involves an action considered to be harmful to society, a violation of ordinances, state or federal statutes.
IRCA (Immigration Reform and Control Act)-1986 Amnesty offered to illegal/undocumented immigrants if living continuously since before 1982 Unlawful for an employer to knowingly hire an illegal worker Fine of $250 and possible incarceration Had to prove they lived in US for 5 years (which is very difficult)
1990: Amendments to the Immigration Act total number of immigrants increased to 700,000 for 3 years main thrust to enhance family reunification Reserved visas for people with special jobs and people who will create new jobs Limit unskilled workers to 10,000 per year 40,000 visas set aside for a period of 3 years for people from countries that had been practically shut out for the prior two decades 16,000 earmarked for the Irish, almost all used by illegal aliens (visa over-stayers) already living in t
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 Strengthen efforts to combat illegal immigration Creates higher standards of financial self-sufficiency for the admission of sponsored legal immigrants Affidavit of support (family members must take in their fam coming from overseas--- no binding tho and many couldn't support them) To sponsor a family member, income must be at 125 percent of the federal poverty level Funds and efforts to restrict illegal entry Enforcement in the Inte
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (made at same time to improve welfare) reforms the entitlement policy for poor families and imposes new limits on alien access to welfare and other social services abolished the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) Supplemental Security Income, Food Stamps, Medicaid Changes in immigrant eligibility for public assistance New immigrants eligible for first five years-state discretion after that Affidavits of support made b
9/11 Laws moved to dept of Homeland Security-2001 No longer the U.S. immigration and naturalization service (INS) Becomes ICE – Immigration and Customs Enforcement, a subdivision of Homeland Security Local and state law enforcement agencies are required and authorized to use strict criteria to detain illegal immigrants Stronger border control, surveillance techniques-more cameras (E-verify-tracks soc sec number and tells whether immigrants are allowed to work), workplace raids Conflation of immigration
USA Patriot Act Amended the Immigration and Nationality Act to broaden the scope of aliens ineligible for admission or deportable due to terrorist activities Seattle create an ordinance to prevent police from asking about this and establish a sanctuary city (allow them to use resources such as firemen and police without being afraid of being caught)
In 2009 Senate votes to fund sanctuary cities, Congress bans instate tuition for illegals but some states change their laws to allow this
The DREAM act permit a select group of undocumented students conditional legal status and eventual citizenship granted that they meet the following requirements: if they were brought to the United States before they turned 16, are below the age of 35, have lived here continuously for five years, graduated from a U.S. high school or obtained a GED have good moral character with no criminal record and attend college or enlist in the military for at least two years. Help people who did not choose to m
DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)- 2012 Protect young people who came to US as children from getting deported (doesn't provide legal status but allows them to live here without punishment Came to US under age 16 and continuously lived here, is in school and able to work, is not a criminal
Períodos
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882-1943 Banned Chinese from entering US for 10 Years
Bracero Program importing agricultural workers from North, Central, and South America
Between 1965 and 1986 the number of European immigrants declined while the number of immigrants from Asia increased 1,200%