1 set 1957 ano - Little Rock Nine

Descrição:

The white South responded with a declaration of war against the Brown ruling. Virginia senator Harry F. Byrd issued a call for “massive resistance.” Declaring May 17 “Black Monday,” the Mississippi segregationist Tom P. Brady invoked the language of the Cold War to discredit the decision, assailing the “totalitarian government” that had rendered the decision in the name of “socialism and communism.” The year 1954 saw half a million southerners join White Citizens’ Councils dedicated to blocking school integration. Some whites revived the old tactics of violence and intimidation, swelling the ranks of the Ku Klux Klan to levels not seen since the 1920s. The “Southern Manifesto,” signed in 1956 by 101 members of Congress, denounced the Brown decision as “a clear abuse of judicial power” and encouraged local officials to defy it. The white South had declared all-out war on Brown.

Enforcement of the Supreme Court’s decision was further complicated by President Dwight Eisenhower’s reluctance to act. Eisenhower accepted the Brown decision as law, but considered the ruling a mistake. He was not eager to commit federal power to compel desegregation. But a crisis in Arkansas forced his hand. In September 1957, nine black students attempted to enroll at Little Rock’s all-white Central High School. Governor Orval Faubus called out the National Guard to bar them. Angry white mobs gathered daily to taunt the students, chanting “Go back to the jungle.” As the vicious scenes played out on television night after night, Eisenhower was forced to act. He sent federal troops to Little Rock and nationalized the state guardsmen, instructing them to protect the black students. The reluctant Eisenhower became the first president since Reconstruction to use federal troops to enforce the rights of African Americans.



VISUAL ACTIVITY

Desegregating Schools in Nashville, Tennessee Police escorting African American mothers with children past a jeering mob of demonstrators after the desegregation of this elementary school in Nashville in September 1957.

Adicionado na linha do tempo:

Data: