1 jan 1848 ano - Austrian Revolution of 1848

Descrição:

In 1848, Hungarians in Austria demanded national autonomy, full civil liberties, and universal suffrage. Street fighting and protesting as well as peasant disturbances broke out. Students and workers in Vienna took to the streets and raised barricades. Ferdinand I promised reforms and a liberal constitution, but Metternich refused to compromise. The revolutionary coalition was unstable. Peasants lost interest after serfdom was abolished. Class lines divided revolutionaries. Hungarians pushed an extremely liberal constitution and sought to create a centralized Hungarian nation. Minority groups rejected this. Desires for national autonomy allowed the monarchy to maintain power by playing off one ethnic group against another.

Conservative aristocratic forces rallied around archduchess Sophia. She insisted that Ferdinand I abdicate in favor of her son, Franz Joseph. The conservative nobles crushed revolts in Prague, Italy, and Vienna. Over 4,000 casualties resulted from taking back Vienna. Franz Joseph was crowned. Nicholas I of Russia subdued the Hungarians.

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