1 jul 1863 ano - Former slaves officially serve in the Union army

Descrição:

before: emancipation proclamation+casualites->northern white ppl think that they could share in fighting

black troops of 54th Mass Infantry in Fort Wagner, SC in 1863 -> generals saw African Americans were good, brave fighters.

-ppl said that African Americans who fought with the union demoralized white southerners and robbed the Confederacy of much-needed labor.

-racial discrimination, black Union soldiers earned less money, segregated regiments w/ white commissioned officers, higher disease mortality

-Lincoln believed war could not have been own without them

- Southerners were more brutal when they fought and threatened to treat African American union prisoners as slaves and execute their officers "for inciting slave rebellion." Grant said the Union should shoot confederate prisoners man for man in retaliation. Lincoln said no.

-Confederate refusal to exchange prisoners->union policy to suspend prisoner exchanges->many POW's in crowded, diseased prison camps (Confederate prison Andersonville killed many Union prisoners)->public outrage-> lee and grant tried to reopen prisoner exchange but couldn't agree about treatment of black Union troops

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