1 jan 1563 ano - ר׳ יוסף קארו – שולחן ערוך

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1563 - אחרונים

Written in 1563, שולחן ערוך condensed the decisions that ר׳ יוסף קארו made in his work בית יוסף, but also based it heavily on the works of the רי׳׳ף, רמב׳׳ם, and רא׳׳ש. His structure mirrored the ארבה טורים with the 4 sections titled אורח חיים (which focused on prayer, שבת, and holidays), יורה דעה (which focused on כשרות, conversion, and mourning), אבן העזר (which focused on marriage and divorce), and חושן משפט (which focused on finance, damages, and the rules of בית דין). The initial drafts addressed the Halachic approached on the ספרדי community and later commentaries by the רמ׳׳א appealed to אשכנז communities. This work became one of the most influential Halachic works in Jewish history, and it is still heavily studied today.

About the Author: ר׳ יוסף קארו, also known as the מחבר because of his codification of the שולחן ערוך, lived from 1488 to 1575. His family was expelled from both Spain and Portugal before relocating many times across the Ottoman Empire. He hoped that eventually, he would be able to reach Israel, and he settled in Safed in about 1535. His most famous work on the שולחן עורך is still commonly used today to פוסק Halachic questions, if not the most commonly referenced Halachic work.

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