1 jan 265 ano antes da era comum - Romans control most of Italy

Descrição:

"Alarmed by Roman expansion, as were all the Greek cities in southern Italy, the city of Tarentum in southern Italy called for help from Pyrrhus (PIHR-uhs), king of Epirus in western Greece. He came to Italy with a large army, and in 280 B.C.E. he won two furious battles but suffered heavy casualties — thus the phrase “Pyrrhic victory” is still used today to describe a victory involving severe losses.
Pyrrhus then received an offer from the Greek cities in Sicily to help them drive out the Carthaginians, who were expanding their holdings throughout the Mediterranean (see “The Rise of Phoenicia” in Chapter 2 and “The Punic Wars” later in this chapter). He initially defeated Carthaginian armies and was proclaimed king of Sicily, but his demands for money and manpower to continue fighting led the Greeks in Sicily to turn against him, and he decided to go back to Italy, where in his absence the Romans had rebuilt their army and conquered or made alliances with almost all of the Greek cities. After an inconclusive battle, Pyrrhus and his army returned to Epirus, leaving almost all of southern Italy in Roman hands. The Romans then turned north again, and by about 265 B.C.E. they had conquered or taken into their sphere of influence most of Italy. These campaigns meant that an army made up of wealthier citizens serving for short terms was no longer enough, and soldiers gradually served for longer and longer terms."

"Romans enlisted religion in their expansion. Victorious generals made sure to honor the gods of the people they had conquered and to invite those gods to settle in Rome. By doing so they transformed them into gods they could also call on for assistance in their future campaigns. In this way Greek deities and mythical heroes were absorbed into the Roman pantheon."

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