1 jan 509 ano antes da era comum - Traditional establishment of the Roman Republic

Descrição:

“According to tradition, the last three kings were Etruscan, and another tale about female virtue was told to explain why the Etruscan kings were overthrown, for ancient historians often attributed major government upheavals to the possession or loss of women. In this story, the son of King Tarquin, the Etruscan king who ruled Rome, raped Lucretia, a virtuous Roman wife, in her own home. Lucretia summoned her husband and father to the house, told them what had happened, and demanded they seek vengeance. She then committed suicide by plunging a knife into her heart.1 Her father and husband and the other Roman nobles swore on the bloody knife to avenge Lucretia’s death by throwing out the Etruscan kings, and they did. Whether any part of this story is true can never be known, but Romans generally accepted it as history and dated the expulsion of the Etruscan kings to 509 B.C.E. They saw this year as marking the end of the monarchical period and the dawn of the republic.”

“Historians also stress the influence of the Etruscans on Rome. The Etruscans transformed Rome from a relatively large town to a real city. The Romans adopted the Etruscan alphabet, which the Etruscans themselves had adopted from the Greeks. They also adopted an Etruscan symbol, a bundle of rods tied together with an ax emerging from the center, which symbolized the Etruscan king’s power. This ceremonial object was called the fasces…Even the toga, the white woolen robe worn by citizens, came from the Etruscans, as did gladiatorial combat honoring the dead. In engineering and architecture as well, the Romans adopted some design elements and the basic plan of their temples, along with paved roads, from the Etruscans.”

"sometime in the sixth century B.C.E., a group of aristocrats revolted against these kings and established a government in which the main institution of power was in the Senate, an assembly of aristocrats, rather than a single monarch. Rome thereby became a republic. Executive power was in the hands of two members of the Senate called consuls, but they were elected for one-year terms only and rejoined the ranks of the Senate after their term in office."

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