15 jun 1215 ano - Magna Carta

Descrição:

The Magna Carta Libertatum was a charter of rights drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury and agreed to by King John of England in order to appease the barons angry at the king. However, neither side respected the document, and increased hostilities led to the First Barons' War. John died in 1216, and his successor Henry III helped amend the document with its more extreme parts cut out. The document was amended again in 1217 and 1225.

With 63 clauses written in Latin, was the first written constitution in Europe. It enumerated specific powers of the barons and other powerful English citizens, excluding most others. However, its largest impact was on the legal system, specifically that no one could be imprisoned without due process of law.

It served as inspiration for the 1776 Declaration of Independence and the 1789 Bill of Rights, such as the 5th Amendment that protects American citizens' rights to due process of law.