12 abr 1929 ano - Elections in Qing China

Descrição:

The newly reconvened National Assembly in Beijing held the first elections of the restored Qing Empire. The election followed the procedure of previous Republican elections: the poll which was indirect, voters chose some 30,000 electors who chose about 2,000 members of the provincial assemblies and 596 members of the House of Representatives. 274 members of the Senate were elected by the members of the provincial assemblies who were elected in 1909. Adult males over the age of 21 who were educated or owned property and paid taxes and who could prove two-year residency in a particular county could vote. An estimated 40 million, 4-6% of China's population were registered for the election. The Senate was elected by the provincial assemblies. The premier had to pick the 108 members representing Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria and Overseas Chinese due to practical reasons. However, these elections had the participation of over 300 civic groups and were the first since 1921 and most competitive nationwide elections since 1913.
The pro-Zhili Progressive Party won an overwhelming majority, due to an abundance of bribery and lack of opposition – the Anfu Club had collapsed in support coming a distant second, while the KMT were outlawed and not allowed to participate and the Communications Clique had gone with Zhang Zuolin to form a new Assembly in the Fengtian regime. Cao Kun is made Premier (at Wu’s direction); his time under arrest by Feng Yuxiang had weakened him both physically and mentally, reducing him to less of a credible rival to Wu as leader of the Zhili Clique (his brother, Cao Rui, committed suicide while under house arrest – this had a profound effect on Cao Kun) and his appointment was thus that of a unity candidate within the Zhili. Representatives from Guangdong are made up of the Zhi Gong (Public Interest) party of Chen Jiongming who support the Zhili government because Cao has promised federal reforms. Representatives from Yunnan and Guizhou stand as independents.

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