17 maio 1954 ano - Brown v. Board of Education

Descrição:

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark Supreme Court decision that ruled that state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. The decision partially overruled the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision, which had held that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality. The Browns' case began in 1951 when the public school system in Topeka, Kansas, refused to enroll the daughter of local black resident Oliver Brown at the school closest to their home. The Browns and twelve other local black families filed a class-action lawsuit against the Topeka Board of Education, alleging its segregation policy was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court issued a unanimous 9–0 decision in favor of the Browns, stating that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," and therefore laws that impose them violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The Court's second decision in Brown II (1955) only ordered states to desegregate "with all deliberate speed." In the Southern United States, the reaction to Brown was "noisy and stubborn," especially in the Deep South where racial segregation was deeply entrenched. Four years later, in Cooper v. Aaron, the Court reaffirmed its ruling in Brown, explicitly stating that state officials and legislators had no power to nullify its ruling.

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