English Civil War (aug 22, 1642 – sep 3, 1651)
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The English Civil Wars were in the Kingdoms of England, Ireland and Scotland. It ended in Parliamentarian victory, execution of King Charles I, the exile of Charles II, and the establishment of the republican commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell. It was royalists versus parliamentarians, with the royalists suffering a casualty loss about 50,000 and the parliamentarians suffering a loss of about 34,000. This is added onto the 127,000 noncombat deaths, including some 40,000 civilians. The English Civil Wars came from a conflict between Charles I and Parliament over an Irish insurrection. The first war was settled because of Oliver Cromwell, victorious for Parliamentary forces at the 1645 Battle of Naseby. The second war ended with Charles’ defeat at the Battle of Preston and his subsequent execution in 1649. Charles’ son, Charles, then formed an army of English and Scottish Royalists, which prompted Cromwell to invade Scotland in 1650. The following year, Cromwell shattered the remaining Royalist forces and ended the “wars of the three kingdoms,” though Charles II eventually ascended to the throne in 1660.
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