James II of England (nov 1, 1633 – aug 1, 1701)

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The King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1685 to 1688, during the brief period before being deposed in the Glorious Revolution. A staunch Roman Catholic, his policies and perceived favoritism towards Catholics led to conflict with Parliament and ultimately his downfall. He was the younger brother of Charles II and his reign was marked by his attempts to establish religious freedom for Catholics, which was met with resistance.

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