Franco-Swedish Phase (jan 1, 1635 – jan 1, 1648)

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Marked a significant shift, as France, despite being Catholic, allied with Sweden, a Protestant power, to weaken the Habsburg dynasty and end the war. This alliance was driven by French political interests, as France sought to reduce the influence of the Habsburgs who ruled both the Holy Roman Empire and Spain. The Swedish intervention, initially in 1630, and later reinforced by French financial and military support, significantly impacted the war's outcome.

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